TOI-1416 b
TOI-1416 b is a lava world orbiting the G9 V star TOI-1416 in the constellation Boötes. It lies about 179 light-years from Earth and was discovered in 2023 using the transit method.
How Big Is TOI-1416 b?
TOI-1416 b has a radius of 1.62 times that of Earth. Its mass is 3.5 times that of Earth, giving it a density of 4.50 g/cm³ — between that of rocky and gaseous planets.
Is TOI-1416 b in the Habitable Zone?
TOI-1416 b orbits inside the inner edge of the habitable zone of TOI-1416. So close to its star, surface conditions are far too hot for liquid water.
Habitable zone of TOI-1416: 0.446–1.084 AU (conservative: 0.565–1.028 AU), per Kopparapu et al. (2014). Earth orbits the Sun at 1 AU.
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Temperature on TOI-1416 b
The equilibrium temperature of TOI-1416 b is about 1,517 K (1,244 °C) — hot enough to melt many metals. This estimate ignores any atmosphere, which could change surface temperatures dramatically — Earth's greenhouse effect adds about 33 °C. It receives 883 times the stellar energy that Earth gets from the Sun.
Orbit and Year Length
A year on TOI-1416 b — one full orbit around TOI-1416 — lasts just 25.7 hours, shorter than Mercury's 88-day year. It orbits at an average distance of 0.019 AU — closer to its star than Mercury is to the Sun.
How Was TOI-1416 b Discovered?
TOI-1416 b was discovered in 2023 using the transit method, with observations from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
The transit method watches a star for the tiny, regular dip in brightness that occurs when a planet crosses in front of it. The depth and timing of these dips reveal the planet's size and orbital period.
How Far Away Is TOI-1416 b?
TOI-1416 b is 179.4 light-years (55.0 parsecs) from Earth. Light arriving here tonight left the planet around the year 1847. A probe traveling at the speed of Voyager 1 — about 17 km/s, the fastest outbound spacecraft ever launched — would need roughly 3,157,440 years to make the journey.
Earth Similarity Index
The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) scores how physically similar a planet is to Earth, from 0 to 1, based on radius, density, escape velocity and surface temperature. TOI-1416 b scores 0.27, ranking #2,433 of 5,568 planets with a known ESI. For reference, Mars scores about 0.70.
The Host Star: TOI-1416
TOI-1416
- Spectral type
- G9 V
- Surface temperature
- 4,884 K (Sun: 5,772 K)
- Mass
- 0.80 M☉
- Radius
- 0.79 R☉
- Age
- 6.9 billion years (Sun: 4.6)
Planetary System
TOI-1416 b is the only planet known to orbit TOI-1416 so far.
TOI-1416 b — Complete Data
| Radius | 1.620 Earth radii (0.145 Jupiter radii) |
|---|---|
| Mass | 3.48 Earth masses (0.011 Jupiter masses) |
| Density | 4.50 g/cm³ (Earth: 5.51) |
| Orbital period | 1.07 days |
| Orbital distance | 0.019 AU |
| Equilibrium temperature | 1,517 K (1,244 °C) |
| Stellar irradiation | 883.00× Earth |
| Earth Similarity Index | 0.27 |
| Distance from Earth | 179.4 light-years (55.0 parsecs) |
| Constellation | Boötes |
| Discovery method | Transit |
| Discovery facility | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) |
| Discovery year | 2023 |
Data: NASA Exoplanet Archive, last updated 2023-06-12. Earth Similarity Index: PHL @ UPR Arecibo.
Frequently Asked Questions About TOI-1416 b
Is TOI-1416 b habitable?
No — TOI-1416 b orbits too close to its star and is too hot for liquid water to exist on its surface.
How far away is TOI-1416 b?
TOI-1416 b is about 179 light-years from Earth in the constellation Boötes. A spacecraft traveling as fast as Voyager 1 (about 17 km/s) would need roughly 3,157,440 years to get there.
How big is TOI-1416 b compared to Earth?
TOI-1416 b has 1.62 times the radius of Earth and about 3.5 times its mass.
How long is a year on TOI-1416 b?
One orbit around TOI-1416 takes 1.1 Earth days — short enough that 341 of its years would fit into one Earth year.
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