TOI-1994 b
TOI-1994 b is a hot Jupiter orbiting TOI-1994 in the constellation Vela. It lies about 1,682 light-years from Earth and was discovered in 2024 using the transit method.
How Big Is TOI-1994 b?
TOI-1994 b has a radius of 13.67 times that of Earth, or 1.22 times the radius of Jupiter. Its mass is 7,024 times that of Earth, giving it a density of 15.00 g/cm³ — comparable to rocky planets like Earth (5.51 g/cm³).
Is TOI-1994 b in the Habitable Zone?
The position of TOI-1994 b relative to the habitable zone of TOI-1994 cannot be precisely determined from the available orbital data.
Temperature on TOI-1994 b
The equilibrium temperature of TOI-1994 b is about 2,290 K (2,017 °C) — hot enough to melt many metals. This estimate ignores any atmosphere, which could change surface temperatures dramatically — Earth's greenhouse effect adds about 33 °C.
Orbit and Year Length
A year on TOI-1994 b — one full orbit around TOI-1994 — lasts 4.03 Earth days, shorter than Mercury's 88-day year. It orbits at an average distance of 0.061 AU — closer to its star than Mercury is to the Sun. Its orbit is highly elliptical (eccentricity 0.34), swinging dramatically closer to and farther from its star.
How Was TOI-1994 b Discovered?
TOI-1994 b was discovered in 2024 using the transit method, with observations from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
The transit method watches a star for the tiny, regular dip in brightness that occurs when a planet crosses in front of it. The depth and timing of these dips reveal the planet's size and orbital period.
How Far Away Is TOI-1994 b?
TOI-1994 b is 1,681.7 light-years (515.6 parsecs) from Earth. Light arriving here tonight left the planet about 1,682 years ago. A probe traveling at the speed of Voyager 1 — about 17 km/s, the fastest outbound spacecraft ever launched — would need roughly 29,597,920 years to make the journey.
Earth Similarity Index
The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) scores how physically similar a planet is to Earth, from 0 to 1, based on radius, density, escape velocity and surface temperature. TOI-1994 b scores 0.07, ranking #5,036 of 5,568 planets with a known ESI. For reference, Mars scores about 0.70.
The Host Star: TOI-1994
TOI-1994
- Surface temperature
- 7,700 K (Sun: 5,772 K)
- Mass
- 1.86 M☉
- Radius
- 2.30 R☉
- Luminosity
- 16.7001 L☉
- Age
- 0.9 billion years (Sun: 4.6)
Planetary System
TOI-1994 b is the only planet known to orbit TOI-1994 so far.
TOI-1994 b — Complete Data
| Radius | 13.675 Earth radii (1.220 Jupiter radii) |
|---|---|
| Mass | 7,024.01 Earth masses (22.100 Jupiter masses) |
| Density | 15.00 g/cm³ (Earth: 5.51) |
| Orbital period | 4.03 days |
| Orbital distance | 0.061 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.341 |
| Equilibrium temperature | 2,290 K (2,017 °C) |
| Earth Similarity Index | 0.07 |
| Distance from Earth | 1,681.7 light-years (515.6 parsecs) |
| Constellation | Vela |
| Discovery method | Transit |
| Discovery facility | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) |
| Discovery year | 2024 |
Data: NASA Exoplanet Archive, last updated 2024-03-10. Earth Similarity Index: PHL @ UPR Arecibo.
Frequently Asked Questions About TOI-1994 b
Is TOI-1994 b habitable?
TOI-1994 b is not known to orbit within the habitable zone of TOI-1994, and as a hot Jupiter it is an unlikely candidate for life as we know it.
How far away is TOI-1994 b?
TOI-1994 b is about 1,682 light-years from Earth in the constellation Vela. A spacecraft traveling as fast as Voyager 1 (about 17 km/s) would need roughly 29,597,920 years to get there.
How big is TOI-1994 b compared to Earth?
TOI-1994 b has 13.67 times the radius of Earth and about 7,024 times its mass.
How long is a year on TOI-1994 b?
One orbit around TOI-1994 takes 4.0 Earth days — short enough that 91 of its years would fit into one Earth year.
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