TOI-2010 b
TOI-2010 b is a cold gas giant orbiting the F0 star TOI-2010 in the constellation Cygnus. It lies about 356 light-years from Earth and was discovered in 2023 using the transit method.
How Big Is TOI-2010 b?
TOI-2010 b has a radius of 11.81 times that of Earth, or 1.05 times the radius of Jupiter. Its mass is 409 times that of Earth, giving it a density of 1.36 g/cm³ — closer to gas planets like Jupiter (1.33 g/cm³).
Is TOI-2010 b in the Habitable Zone?
TOI-2010 b orbits inside the inner edge of the habitable zone of TOI-2010. So close to its star, surface conditions are far too hot for liquid water.
Habitable zone of TOI-2010: 0.848–1.989 AU (conservative: 1.074–1.886 AU), per Kopparapu et al. (2014). Earth orbits the Sun at 1 AU.
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Temperature on TOI-2010 b
The equilibrium temperature of TOI-2010 b is about 400 K (127 °C) — hotter than anywhere on Earth. This estimate ignores any atmosphere, which could change surface temperatures dramatically — Earth's greenhouse effect adds about 33 °C. It receives 4.09 times the stellar energy that Earth gets from the Sun.
Orbit and Year Length
A year on TOI-2010 b — one full orbit around TOI-2010 — lasts 141.8 Earth days, between the years of Mercury (88 days) and Earth (365 days). It orbits at an average distance of 0.552 AU — comparable to the inner Solar System. Its orbit is mildly elliptical (eccentricity 0.21).
How Was TOI-2010 b Discovered?
TOI-2010 b was discovered in 2023 using the transit method, with observations from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
The transit method watches a star for the tiny, regular dip in brightness that occurs when a planet crosses in front of it. The depth and timing of these dips reveal the planet's size and orbital period.
How Far Away Is TOI-2010 b?
TOI-2010 b is 356.1 light-years (109.2 parsecs) from Earth. Light arriving here tonight left the planet around the year 1670. A probe traveling at the speed of Voyager 1 — about 17 km/s, the fastest outbound spacecraft ever launched — would need roughly 6,267,360 years to make the journey.
Earth Similarity Index
The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) scores how physically similar a planet is to Earth, from 0 to 1, based on radius, density, escape velocity and surface temperature. TOI-2010 b scores 0.26, ranking #2,967 of 5,568 planets with a known ESI. For reference, Mars scores about 0.70.
The Host Star: TOI-2010
TOI-2010
- Spectral type
- F0
- Surface temperature
- 5,929 K (Sun: 5,772 K)
- Mass
- 1.11 M☉
- Radius
- 1.08 R☉
- Luminosity
- 1.2990 L☉
- Age
- 1.9 billion years (Sun: 4.6)
Planetary System
TOI-2010 b is the only planet known to orbit TOI-2010 so far.
TOI-2010 b — Complete Data
| Radius | 11.814 Earth radii (1.054 Jupiter radii) |
|---|---|
| Mass | 408.73 Earth masses (1.286 Jupiter masses) |
| Density | 1.36 g/cm³ (Earth: 5.51) |
| Orbital period | 141.83 days |
| Orbital distance | 0.552 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.212 |
| Equilibrium temperature | 400 K (127 °C) |
| Stellar irradiation | 4.09× Earth |
| Earth Similarity Index | 0.26 |
| Distance from Earth | 356.1 light-years (109.2 parsecs) |
| Constellation | Cygnus |
| Discovery method | Transit |
| Discovery facility | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) |
| Discovery year | 2023 |
Data: NASA Exoplanet Archive, last updated 2023-11-29. Earth Similarity Index: PHL @ UPR Arecibo.
Frequently Asked Questions About TOI-2010 b
Is TOI-2010 b habitable?
No — TOI-2010 b orbits too close to its star and is too hot for liquid water to exist on its surface.
How far away is TOI-2010 b?
TOI-2010 b is about 356 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. A spacecraft traveling as fast as Voyager 1 (about 17 km/s) would need roughly 6,267,360 years to get there.
How big is TOI-2010 b compared to Earth?
TOI-2010 b has 11.81 times the radius of Earth and about 409 times its mass.
How long is a year on TOI-2010 b?
One orbit around TOI-2010 takes 141.8 Earth days.
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