TOI-654.01
TOI-654.01 is a super-Earth orbiting the M2 V star TOI-654 in the constellation Leo. It lies about 188 light-years from Earth and was discovered in 2024 using the transit method.
How Big Is TOI-654.01?
TOI-654.01 has a radius of 2.38 times that of Earth. Its mass is 8.7 times that of Earth, giving it a density of 3.59 g/cm³ — between that of rocky and gaseous planets.
Is TOI-654.01 in the Habitable Zone?
TOI-654.01 orbits inside the inner edge of the habitable zone of TOI-654. So close to its star, surface conditions are far too hot for liquid water.
Habitable zone of TOI-654: 0.128–0.332 AU (conservative: 0.162–0.315 AU), per Kopparapu et al. (2014). Earth orbits the Sun at 1 AU.
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Temperature on TOI-654.01
The equilibrium temperature of TOI-654.01 is about 794 K (521 °C) — hot enough to melt many metals. This estimate ignores any atmosphere, which could change surface temperatures dramatically — Earth's greenhouse effect adds about 33 °C. It receives 65.00 times the stellar energy that Earth gets from the Sun.
Orbit and Year Length
A year on TOI-654.01 — one full orbit around TOI-654 — lasts just 36.7 hours, shorter than Mercury's 88-day year. It orbits at an average distance of 0.019 AU — closer to its star than Mercury is to the Sun.
How Was TOI-654.01 Discovered?
TOI-654.01 was discovered in 2024 using the transit method, with observations from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
The transit method watches a star for the tiny, regular dip in brightness that occurs when a planet crosses in front of it. The depth and timing of these dips reveal the planet's size and orbital period.
How Far Away Is TOI-654.01?
TOI-654.01 is 188.4 light-years (57.8 parsecs) from Earth. Light arriving here tonight left the planet around the year 1838. A probe traveling at the speed of Voyager 1 — about 17 km/s, the fastest outbound spacecraft ever launched — would need roughly 3,315,840 years to make the journey.
The Host Star: TOI-654
TOI-654
- Spectral type
- M2 V
- Surface temperature
- 3,521 K (Sun: 5,772 K)
- Mass
- 0.42 M☉
- Radius
- 0.43 R☉
- Luminosity
- 0.0246 L☉
Planetary System
TOI-654.01 is the only planet known to orbit TOI-654 so far.
TOI-654.01 — Complete Data
| Radius | 2.378 Earth radii (0.212 Jupiter radii) |
|---|---|
| Mass | 8.71 Earth masses (0.027 Jupiter masses) |
| Density | 3.59 g/cm³ (Earth: 5.51) |
| Orbital period | 1.53 days |
| Orbital distance | 0.019 AU |
| Equilibrium temperature | 794 K (521 °C) |
| Stellar irradiation | 65.00× Earth |
| Distance from Earth | 188.4 light-years (57.8 parsecs) |
| Constellation | Leo |
| Discovery method | Transit |
| Discovery facility | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) |
| Discovery year | 2024 |
Data: NASA Exoplanet Archive, last updated 2025-08-14. Earth Similarity Index: PHL @ UPR Arecibo.
Frequently Asked Questions About TOI-654.01
Is TOI-654.01 habitable?
No — TOI-654.01 orbits too close to its star and is too hot for liquid water to exist on its surface.
How far away is TOI-654.01?
TOI-654.01 is about 188 light-years from Earth in the constellation Leo. A spacecraft traveling as fast as Voyager 1 (about 17 km/s) would need roughly 3,315,840 years to get there.
How big is TOI-654.01 compared to Earth?
TOI-654.01 has 2.38 times the radius of Earth and about 8.7 times its mass.
How long is a year on TOI-654.01?
One orbit around TOI-654 takes 1.5 Earth days — short enough that 239 of its years would fit into one Earth year.
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